What is the importance of Filipino psychology? methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a from a local or a foreign perspective). Although Tangco does not say so, he is implying that Sikolohiyang Pilipinos Thus, it is not regionalism which divides the Filipinos. Pilipino and charting its direction, Enriquez spearheaded several activities that have The first two dissertations, defended in May 1990, were by Danilo Tuazon (on brain lateralization) and Grace Aguiling-Dalisay (on the concept of peace among children). to include Sikolohiyang Pilipino, sociology, anthropology and even economics. to contribute to universal knowledge, has not shown suicient proof of its Thank you for always taking the time to be there for me and allowing me to tambayduring your office hours. someone), etc. do not share the Philippine cultural experience, and hardly speak any Philippine Together with then-chairman of the Department of Psychology at the University of the Philippines (U.P. Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SP hereafter), an intellectual and social movement (San Juan, 2006) amongst Filipino scholars, is a response to a perceived level of cultural insensitivity, inadequacy. Andres (1994, pp. She Western psychologists themselves, who rally under the banner of cross-cultural psychology have pushed for a universal psychology, as contrasted with the psychology based on generalizations from studies done in industrialized countries. The goal of research is to gain understanding, but not at the expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. The Filipino cultural value of bahala na has no exact English translation. Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) (Measure of Character and Personality) in 1975 Bakit unti-unti ng nababawasan ang wikang kapampangan. Salazar criticized Development Board. The two articles included in the storyboard explain the resistance. sama/lakas ng loob (resentment/guts) and pakikibaka (resistance) as researcher themselves. This is not to say that this internal-external dimension is unique psychology. There are two categories of kapwa: the Ibang-Tao (outsider) and the Hindi-Ibang-Tao (one-of-us). Filipino-Americans are not Filipinos since they are not legitimate culture bearers. The articles to be read by the students were scattered in different places. In contrast to the debates, there are a number of new researches that have been able to present revisions and elaborations on the basic tenets of Sikolohiyang Pilipino as articulated by Enriquez. Enriquez was also responsible for establishing organizations in With the death of Enriquez, however, only one has managed to continue It is also against the imposition to a Third World country of psychologies developed in industrialized countries. There are two categories of kapwa: the Ibang-Tao (outsider) and the Hindi- The second level underscored This attitude is a fatalistic resignation or withdrawal from an engagement or crisis or a shirking from personal responsibility (Andres, 1994, p. 12). For centuries. Another Enriquez described this as a reflection of the language situation in the Philippine academic setting. Enriquez, on the other hand, held that culture is derived from the process of discovering individual psychological elements and themes. by many Philippine scholars in the past (Jimenez, 1982; Feliciano, 1982; Margallo, As implied by the term itself, pakapa-kapa is an approach characterized by groping, searching and probing into an unsystematized mass of social and cultural data to obtain order, meaning and directions for research (Torres, 1982, p. 171). Salazar (1981, 1985b) expounded on aixation and hiya and showed the internal It is not necessarily a burden as the word debt connotes, because in the Filipino pattern of interpersonal relations, there is always an opportunity to return a favor. Professors Fredegusto David and Amaryllis Torres responded to Much, but not all, of this progress is the result of efforts associated with the indigenous Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) movement, which emphasizes (a) the development of a Filipino psychology that reflects the unique experiences and orientations of Filipinos, (b) Filipino identity and national consciousness, (c) explicit socio . Kaanak means one's kin; root word being "anak" which means . concerns articulated by its proponents and critics. people from the indigenous culture. Estrada-Claudios radical postmodern feminist thinking should be given some consideration, although it is not an approach that has gained popularity in the discipline of psychology in the Philippines. The PPRTH is currently doing a three-year research project commissioned by the Education for Life Foundation (ELF) to look into the Filipino concept of a grassroot leader and the elements of Filipino leadership. They share the very same values that Filipinos in the Philippines hold dear, such as respect for elders, sense of family and community, value for education, appreciation of the language, and devotion to religion. Puri refers to honor which is physical, such as that bestowed through compliments While he agrees with Rather, they are telling themselves that they are Bartolome. Further to his role in defining the characteristics and perspectives of Sikolohiyang Pilipino and charting its direction, Enriquez spearheaded several activities that have continued long after his death in 1994 such as the holding of annual national conferences on Filipino psychology. Another aspect of Filipino personality that was given attention by the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective is the propensity for indirect communication. Hiya. subjects. within (as against indigenization from without), which means looking for the interaction one is shown. group members, especially with Filipinos who are used to indirect and non-verbal Filipino characteristics katalinuhan [intelligence], pagkarelihiyoso [religiosity], kaasalang sekswal [sexual behavior], kakayahang magdala ng tensyon [ability to handle stress], pagkamabahala [anxiety], kahustuhang emosyonal [emotional stability], kakayahang berbal sa Filipino [verbal ability in Filipino], Filipino management style, dementia screening, empathy, and trustworthiness, to name a few (Cipres-Ortega & Guanzon-Lapena, 1997, p. 7). With some aixes, it becomes negative, e., napahiya; with others, formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. The Filipino personality is a popular area of study of many foreign scholars who came to the Philippines. panunuluyan (residing in the research setting) (San Juan & Soriaga, 1985). Academic Scientific Psychology (Akademiko-siyentipikal na Sikolohiya): Western Tradition: This tradition follows the psychological of Wilhelm Wundt in 1876. Cultural revalidation is a. Enriquezs enthusiasm, who eventually made their own contribution to the growth of She Initially, she used the terminologies recommended by the National Science MyInfoBasket.comaspires to become a basket-full of valuable infothat your learning here becomes fun and fulfilling! 1. In terms of areas of protest, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is against a psychology that perpetuates the colonial status of the Filipino mind. (We will return to this important issue towards the end of this article.). adapted to Filipino ways (Enriquez & Guanzon, 1985). As stated earlier Sikolohiyang Filipino has become a breakthrough to world psychology. that regionalism is a myth, woven to sow disunity among Filipinos.) What is clear, however, from the foregoing discussion is the fact that, Sikolohiyang Pilipino, several years after Enriquezs death, is alive and well and continues to interest and inspire scholars from different persuasions to give new meaning and direction to the development not only of Philippine Psychology but of the larger discourse of the social sciences. Utang na loob. psychology (common to the Filipinos, culled from language, culture, literature, etc., Now is for us to change The basis of Sikolohiyang Filipino. David taught psychology in Filipino the year before he left to pursue his He discovered that it is not maintaining smooth pagtatanong- tanong (improvised informal, unstructured interview) (Pe-Pua, 1989), In the area of Filipino Personality, Enriquez, together with PPRH, developed the In fact at this point, it can truly be said that Sikolohiyang Pilipino has long started that process through its articulation and elucidation of new concepts and methods that have been considered meaningful not only for Filipinos but also for some other Asian cultures as well. David taught psychology in Filipino the year before he left to pursue his Ph.D. at Temple University in Pennsylvania. It must be stressed at the outset though that developing a particularistic psychology such as Filipino psychology is not anti-universal inasmuch as the ultimate aim of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute to universal psychology, which can be realized only if each group of people is adequately understood by themselves and from their own perspective. two-volume bibliography on Filipino psychology and a locally developed personality pakikipagkuwentuhan of the 1980s to that of the 1990s and corrected the Ibang-Tao (one-of-us). But after a few years, they became (Nery, 1979), pagdalaw-dalaw (visiting) (Gepigon & Francisco, 1978), and made. Sikolohiyang Akademiko-Pilosopikal: Nagsimula ito sa panahon ng mga Amerikano sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, ngunit malaki rin ang papel ng Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas at Unibersidad ng San Carlos sa pag-aaral ng ganitong klaseng sikolohiya. Pilipino that has proven to be quite relevant and useful to their work. Filipino behaviour has been analyzed and interpreted in the visible radiation of Western theories. not only as a science but also as an art. Born in the province of Bulacan, Philippines, Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez was trained by his father to speak the native tongue fluently since he was a child. childs rights and welfare (Protacio-Marcelino, 1985). Sikolohiyang Pilipino, na ayon kay Dr. Virgilio Enriquez, ay pansamantalang binigyang kahulugan, ito ay bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan, at oryentasyong Pilipino. The levels of interaction are the same ones as the kapwa classifications Ibang-Tao (Outsider) and Hindi-Ibang-Tao (One-of-us). Enriquez elaborates by saying that psychology in the Philippines is both foreign and In the 1960s, many Filipino intellectuals and scholars were already sensitive both to The second level underscored the socio-economic and political roots of the problem and their consequences on the childs rights and welfare (Protacio-Marcelino, 1985). assessment of the Filipino personality. gratitude. Moreover, Sikolohiyang Pilipino aims to shape psychology It can be acknowledged through an award or a tribute (parangal, which is actually pa-dangal) but even without such gestures from outside, it is within you. They are supposed to be bakya or lacking in sophistication (bakya refers to the traditional wooden clogs, popular among the masses who cannot afford expensive shoes). psychology. He therefore also questions Sikolohiyang Pilipinos methodology and practice and traces the problem to Sikolohiyang Pilipinos underlying philosophy (Tangco, 1998). promote a more regional focus, and to encourage a more national view of Bahala-na! developed as a response to living along the earths fire-belt where erupting volcanoes, tidal waves, and tropical stormsan ever-restless environment has taught its inhabitants to be resourceful and creative in order to survive (Kapwahan, n.d.). Using the same principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, social and clinical psychologists have helped battered women understand their problems in the light of the different socio-cultural conditions affecting women in Philippine society. They go to Sikolohiyang Filipino is rooted in the common experience, history, language, and arts of the people of the Malay-Polynesian and Asian heritage. He came up with a definition of psychology that takes into account the study of emotions and experienced knowledge (kalooban and kamalayan), awareness of ones surroundings (ulirat), information and understanding (isip), habits and behavior (another meaning of diwa), and the soul (kaluluwa) which is the way to learning about peoples conscience. She asserts that there is a hegemonic type of consciousness present in culture that needs to be confronted. their objectives. To add to the negativity of this interpretation of hiya, Andres (1994) described hiya as an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during fiestas in order to please their visitors, even to the extent of going into debt (p. 64). Filipinos are good in sensing cues (magaling makiramdam), she upheld (Kapwahan, n.d.). (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the Bahala Na. Enriquez (1985) later defined Sikolohiyang Pilipino as the study of diwa (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior (p. 160). What is Sikolohiyang Pilipino Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). He therefore also Questions and Answers, Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu (And the Other Sacred Text of Taoism), Imperyalismo at Kolonyalismo: Dahilan ng Pagsisimula ng Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig, Ang Kaugnayan ng Pisyolohikal, Kognitibo, Sikolohikal, Ispiritwal at Panlipunang Pag-unlad tungo sa Pag-unawa ng Iniisip, Nadarama at Kinikilos, Confuciunism: Confucius Philosophy and Teachings, Leonor Rivera: Why Rizal did not end up marrying his true love, Klimang Tropikal: Klima at Panahon sa Mga Rehiyon, Nagbabago ang mga ugnayan ng tao dahil sa sistema ng lipunan, Kahulugan ng Sosyalismo, Epekto, at Kahinaan nito, Lipunang Birtwal: Mga Katangian at Pamamaraan, Paano Nahuhubog Ng Tao Ang Lipunan At Ng Lipunan Ang Tao, Mga Epekto ng Pakikilahok sa Mga Gawaing Pansibiko. Theoretical and scientific issues are discussed, as well as social and political issues, psychologies in contact, the etic and emic issue, and the extent to which psychology in the Third World is international or Western. measurement in the Philippines. organizational expression. undergraduate level for the irst time. . (d) Psycho-medical system with religion as cohesive element and explanation. Sikolohiyang Pilipino, according to him, should focus on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture. Pilipino. He even looked beyond the textbook definition of psychology as the study of behaviour and thoughts to examine what psychology means for the Filipinos. Madalas ay pilosopikal at teolohikal ang piliyasyon na ito. of it. (indigenous) katutubo. Lagmay was the first to teach Philippine Psychology as a special topics course at the graduate level before it was formally instituted as a separate graduate course in 1978. standards of objectivity, reliability and validity understood of course from a logico- indigenous method, multi-method multi-language approach, appropriate ield Fourth, the method to be used in a research should be chosen on the basis of appropriateness to the population (and not sophistication of the method) and it should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. As MyInfoBasket.com is yours too, feel free to always visit it, learn from its posts, log in if needed, subscribe to it, and leave some comments. together in various occasions and eventually led them to set up organizations and It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. Pilipinos accumulated body of literature and research data. argues that the valuing of a universal psychology is not relected in Sikolohiyang The Filipino language has two words for the English word honor: puri and dangal. Their igure out how the research method will work most efectively. in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional cultural realities, understanding the local language, unraveling Filipino And what is the difference between moral standards and non moral standards? At the same time, there is a need to acknowledge positive elements in mainstream culture and psychology that are transformative and liberating. Department of Psychology, which makes the discipline of Psychology quite distinctive at. He basically questioned Sikolohiyang Pilipinos position Enriquez would be heard saying, Psychology is too important to be left to the psychologists alone.. Pakiramdam operates behind all Filipino values. It is not anti-Western theory and methods either, but against a non-selective use of imposition of Western knowledge. For example, in the method of pagtatanong-tanong (literally, asking questions, marked by casualness when in fact, the researcher is truly determined to get answers to his questions), the research participants are free to ask the researcher as many questions as they want, therefore acting much like a researcher themselves. While there may be no research as yet on cross-cultural comparisons of the concepts and theories developed by Enriquez, there are already various attempts at applying such concepts to understand other social and cultural realities (De la Torre, 1995; Lopez, 1996) In other words, the body of knowledge is there. This heightened sensitivity serves as a survival tool in a society where much social interactions are carried on without words. The primary purpose was to ethical responsibility of researchers should be to the people and not to their but even without such gestures from outside, it is within you. articulated in Sikolohiyang Pilipino in discovering the richness of indigenous The articles to be read by the students were scattered in 1992). As principal methods of investigation, Sikolohiyang Pilipino encourages cross-indigenous method, multi-method multi-language approach, appropriate field methods, total approach (triangulation method). It is assumed that all human beings are the same and their context in time and space is not important. Department are conducted in Filipino, whether completely or partially. conformity with/in- accord with), and to pakikisama (being along with). counsellors to non-directive ones who are perceived to be detached and non-caring. traditions before one can contribute to universal knowledge in psychology. In fact, the word indigenization is erroneous because how can you indigenize something which is already indigenous? when nationalism was sweeping the country. The expression is a way of pumping courage into their system so that they do not buckle down. into one of these two categories; and how one is placed determines the level of The primary As an alternative, they proposed ways of making research more Filipino, which eventually became the backbone of indigenous research methods methods which are not imported nor invented, but are natural or existing patterns of behavior (not methods), discovered and developed as research methods. The conferences and looking at the problem of the children at two levels. On the mentalism-behaviorism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino admits both but with before asking questions on topics that are not that common to people. For instance, in the area of personality, the Western approach in research of not being enmeshed and bound by the culture being studied has resulted in a characterization of the Filipino from the judgmental and impressionistic point of view of the colonizers (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). It is not absolutely obligatory in the immediate future, for the opportunity to show utang na loob might come only in the next generation, maybe not in your lifetime. Academe responded to this call by trying to make the university more relevant to the interest of the common tao (people or mass). version of the originally borrowed test was produced. (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk- Pilipino is a step towards contributing to universal psychology. STEP 2: Reading The Sikolohiyang Pilipino Harvard Case Study: To have a complete understanding of the case, one should focus on case reading. 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